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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
EMBOSS: iep
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
<table align=center border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top>
<A HREF="/" ONMOUSEOVER="self.status='Go to the EMBOSS home page';return true"><img border=0 src="emboss_icon.jpg" alt="" width=150 height=48></a>
</td>
<td align=left valign=middle>
<b><font size="+6">
iep
</font></b>
</td></tr>
</table>
<br>
<p>
<H2>
Function
</H2>
Calculates the isoelectric point of a protein
<H2>
Description
</H2>
This calculates the isoelectric point of a protein from its amino acid
composition assuming that no electrostatic interactions change the
propensity for ionization.
<p>
Adjusting the pH of an aqueous protein solution to the point where the
numbers of positive and negative charges on the protein are equal brings
the protein to its isoelectric point. This is often the point of lowest
solubility, presumably because it is the point at which there are fewest
intermolecular repulsions, so that the molecules tend to form
aggregates.
<p>
The application can make a plot of the ionization curve with respect to
pH and can write an output file of the data.
<H2>
Usage
</H2>
<b>Here is a sample session with iep</b>
<p>
<p>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><pre>
% <b>iep tsw:laci_ecoli </b>
Calculates the isoelectric point of a protein
Output file [laci_ecoli.iep]: <b></b>
</pre></td></tr></table><p>
<p>
<a href="#input.1">Go to the input files for this example</a><br><a href="#output.1">Go to the output files for this example</a><p><p>
<p>
<b>Example 2</b>
<p>
<p>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#CCFFFF"><pre>
% <b>iep tsw:ifna2_human -disulphide 2 -lysinemodified 2 </b>
Calculates the isoelectric point of a protein
Output file [ifna2_human.iep]: <b></b>
</pre></td></tr></table><p>
<p>
<a href="#input.2">Go to the input files for this example</a><br><a href="#output.2">Go to the output files for this example</a><p><p>
<H2>
Command line arguments
</H2>
<table CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=3 BGCOLOR="#f5f5ff" ><tr><td>
<pre>
Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers (* if not always prompted):
[-sequence] seqall Protein sequence(s) filename and optional
format, or reference (input USA)
* -graph xygraph [$EMBOSS_GRAPHICS value, or x11] Graph type
(ps, hpgl, hp7470, hp7580, meta, cps, x11,
tekt, tek, none, data, xterm, png, gif)
* -outfile outfile [*.iep] Output file name
Additional (Optional) qualifiers:
-amino integer [1] Number of N-termini (Integer 0 or more)
-[no]termini boolean [Y] Include charge at N and C terminus
-lysinemodified integer [0] Number of modified lysines (Integer 0 or
more)
-disulphides integer [0] Number of disulphide bridges (Integer 0
or more)
Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers:
-step float [.5] Step value for pH (Number from 0.010 to
1.000)
-plot toggle [N] Plot charge vs pH
-[no]report toggle [Y] Write results to a file
Associated qualifiers:
"-sequence" associated qualifiers
-sbegin1 integer Start of each sequence to be used
-send1 integer End of each sequence to be used
-sreverse1 boolean Reverse (if DNA)
-sask1 boolean Ask for begin/end/reverse
-snucleotide1 boolean Sequence is nucleotide
-sprotein1 boolean Sequence is protein
-slower1 boolean Make lower case
-supper1 boolean Make upper case
-sformat1 string Input sequence format
-sdbname1 string Database name
-sid1 string Entryname
-ufo1 string UFO features
-fformat1 string Features format
-fopenfile1 string Features file name
"-graph" associated qualifiers
-gprompt boolean Graph prompting
-gdesc string Graph description
-gtitle string Graph title
-gsubtitle string Graph subtitle
-gxtitle string Graph x axis title
-gytitle string Graph y axis title
-goutfile string Output file for non interactive displays
-gdirectory string Output directory
"-outfile" associated qualifiers
-odirectory string Output directory
General qualifiers:
-auto boolean Turn off prompts
-stdout boolean Write standard output
-filter boolean Read standard input, write standard output
-options boolean Prompt for standard and additional values
-debug boolean Write debug output to program.dbg
-verbose boolean Report some/full command line options
-help boolean Report command line options. More
information on associated and general
qualifiers can be found with -help -verbose
-warning boolean Report warnings
-error boolean Report errors
-fatal boolean Report fatal errors
-die boolean Report dying program messages
</pre>
</td></tr></table>
<P>
<table border cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 bgcolor="#ccccff">
<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<th align="left" colspan=2>Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers</th>
<th align="left">Allowed values</th>
<th align="left">Default</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>[-sequence]<br>(Parameter 1)</td>
<td>Protein sequence(s) filename and optional format, or reference (input USA)</td>
<td>Readable sequence(s)</td>
<td><b>Required</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-graph</td>
<td>Graph type</td>
<td>EMBOSS has a list of known devices, including ps, hpgl, hp7470, hp7580, meta, cps, x11, tekt, tek, none, data, xterm, png, gif</td>
<td><i>EMBOSS_GRAPHICS</i> value, or x11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-outfile</td>
<td>Output file name</td>
<td>Output file</td>
<td><i><*></i>.iep</td>
</tr>
<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<th align="left" colspan=2>Additional (Optional) qualifiers</th>
<th align="left">Allowed values</th>
<th align="left">Default</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-amino</td>
<td>Number of N-termini</td>
<td>Integer 0 or more</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-[no]termini</td>
<td>Include charge at N and C terminus</td>
<td>Boolean value Yes/No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-lysinemodified</td>
<td>Number of modified lysines</td>
<td>Integer 0 or more</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-disulphides</td>
<td>Number of disulphide bridges</td>
<td>Integer 0 or more</td>
<td>0</td>
</tr>
<tr bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<th align="left" colspan=2>Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers</th>
<th align="left">Allowed values</th>
<th align="left">Default</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-step</td>
<td>Step value for pH</td>
<td>Number from 0.010 to 1.000</td>
<td>.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-plot</td>
<td>Plot charge vs pH</td>
<td>Toggle value Yes/No</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-[no]report</td>
<td>Write results to a file</td>
<td>Toggle value Yes/No</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
</table>
<H2>
Input file format
</H2>
<p>iep</p> reads in any protein sequence USA.
<p>
<a name="input.1"></a>
<h3>Input files for usage example </h3>
'tsw:laci_ecoli' is a sequence entry in the example protein database 'tsw'
<p>
<p><h3>Database entry: tsw:laci_ecoli</h3>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF">
<pre>
ID LACI_ECOLI Reviewed; 360 AA.
AC P03023; O09196; P71309; Q2MC79; Q47338;
DT 21-JUL-1986, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 19-JUL-2003, sequence version 3.
DT 20-MAR-2007, entry version 87.
DE Lactose operon repressor.
GN Name=lacI; OrderedLocusNames=b0345, JW0336;
OS Escherichia coli.
OC Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales;
OC Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia.
OX NCBI_TaxID=562;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX MEDLINE=78246991; PubMed=355891; DOI=10.1038/274765a0;
RA Farabaugh P.J.;
RT "Sequence of the lacI gene.";
RL Nature 274:765-769(1978).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RA Chen J., Matthews K.K.S.M.;
RL Submitted (MAY-1991) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RA Marsh S.;
RL Submitted (JAN-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=K12 / MG1655 / ATCC 47076;
RA Chung E., Allen E., Araujo R., Aparicio A.M., Davis K., Duncan M.,
RA Federspiel N., Hyman R., Kalman S., Komp C., Kurdi O., Lew H., Lin D.,
RA Namath A., Oefner P., Roberts D., Schramm S., Davis R.W.;
RT "Sequence of minutes 4-25 of Escherichia coli.";
RL Submitted (JAN-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=K12 / MG1655 / ATCC 47076;
RX MEDLINE=97426617; PubMed=9278503; DOI=10.1126/science.277.5331.1453;
RA Blattner F.R., Plunkett G. III, Bloch C.A., Perna N.T., Burland V.,
RA Riley M., Collado-Vides J., Glasner J.D., Rode C.K., Mayhew G.F.,
RA Gregor J., Davis N.W., Kirkpatrick H.A., Goeden M.A., Rose D.J.,
RA Mau B., Shao Y.;
RT "The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12.";
RL Science 277:1453-1474(1997).
RN [6]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=K12 / W3110 / ATCC 27325 / DSM 5911;
RX PubMed=16738553; DOI=10.1038/msb4100049;
RA Hayashi K., Morooka N., Yamamoto Y., Fujita K., Isono K., Choi S.,
RA Ohtsubo E., Baba T., Wanner B.L., Mori H., Horiuchi T.;
RT "Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains
<font color=red> [Part of this file has been deleted for brevity]</font>
DR Pfam; PF00532; Peripla_BP_1; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR00036; HTHLACI.
DR SMART; SM00354; HTH_LACI; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00356; HTH_LACI_1; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS50932; HTH_LACI_2; 1.
KW 3D-structure; Complete proteome; Direct protein sequencing;
KW DNA-binding; Repressor; Transcription; Transcription regulation.
FT CHAIN 1 360 Lactose operon repressor.
FT /FTId=PRO_0000107963.
FT DOMAIN 1 58 HTH lacI-type.
FT DNA_BIND 6 25 H-T-H motif.
FT VARIANT 282 282 Y -> D (in T41 mutant).
FT MUTAGEN 17 17 Y->H: Broadening of specificity.
FT MUTAGEN 22 22 R->N: Recognizes an operator variant.
FT CONFLICT 286 286 L -> S (in Ref. 1, 4 and 7).
FT STRAND 63 69
FT HELIX 74 89
FT STRAND 93 98
FT STRAND 101 103
FT HELIX 104 115
FT TURN 116 118
FT STRAND 122 126
FT HELIX 130 139
FT TURN 140 142
FT STRAND 145 150
FT STRAND 154 156
FT STRAND 158 161
FT HELIX 163 177
FT STRAND 181 186
FT HELIX 192 207
FT STRAND 213 217
FT HELIX 222 234
FT STRAND 240 246
FT HELIX 247 259
FT TURN 265 267
FT STRAND 268 271
FT HELIX 277 281
FT STRAND 282 284
FT STRAND 287 290
FT HELIX 293 308
FT STRAND 314 319
FT STRAND 322 324
FT HELIX 354 356
SQ SEQUENCE 360 AA; 38590 MW; 347A8DEE92D736CB CRC64;
MKPVTLYDVA EYAGVSYQTV SRVVNQASHV SAKTREKVEA AMAELNYIPN RVAQQLAGKQ
SLLIGVATSS LALHAPSQIV AAIKSRADQL GASVVVSMVE RSGVEACKAA VHNLLAQRVS
GLIINYPLDD QDAIAVEAAC TNVPALFLDV SDQTPINSII FSHEDGTRLG VEHLVALGHQ
QIALLAGPLS SVSARLRLAG WHKYLTRNQI QPIAEREGDW SAMSGFQQTM QMLNEGIVPT
AMLVANDQMA LGAMRAITES GLRVGADISV VGYDDTEDSS CYIPPLTTIK QDFRLLGQTS
VDRLLQLSQG QAVKGNQLLP VSLVKRKTTL APNTQTASPR ALADSLMQLA RQVSRLESGQ
//
</pre>
</td></tr></table><p>
<a name="input.2"></a>
<h3>Input files for usage example 2</h3>
<p><h3>Database entry: tsw:ifna2_human</h3>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF">
<pre>
ID IFNA2_HUMAN Reviewed; 188 AA.
AC P01563; P01564; Q14606; Q96KI6;
DT 21-JUL-1986, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 21-JUL-1986, sequence version 1.
DT 20-FEB-2007, entry version 79.
DE Interferon alpha-2 precursor (Interferon alpha-A) (LeIF A).
GN Name=IFNA2;
OS Homo sapiens (Human).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
OC Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
OX NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA].
RX MEDLINE=81052322; PubMed=6159538; DOI=10.1038/287411a0;
RA Goeddel D.V., Yelverton E., Ullrich A., Heyneker H.L., Miozzari G.,
RA Holmes W., Seeburg P.H., Dull T.J., May L., Stebbing N., Crea R.,
RA Maeda S., McCandliss R., Sloma A., Tabor J.M., Gross M.,
RA Familletti P.C., Pestka S.;
RT "Human leukocyte interferon produced by E. coli is biologically
RT active.";
RL Nature 287:411-416(1980).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA].
RX MEDLINE=81148795; PubMed=6163083; DOI=10.1038/290020a0;
RA Goeddel D.V., Leung D.W., Dull T.J., Gross M., Lawn R.M.,
RA McCandliss R., Seeburg P.H., Ullrich A., Yelverton E., Gray P.W.;
RT "The structure of eight distinct cloned human leukocyte interferon
RT cDNAs.";
RL Nature 290:20-26(1981).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA].
RX MEDLINE=82060261; PubMed=6170983;
RA Lawn R.M., Gross M., Houck C.M., Franke A.E., Gray P.V., Goeddel D.V.;
RT "DNA sequence of a major human leukocyte interferon gene.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:5435-5439(1981).
RN [4]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE.
RC TISSUE=Bone marrow tumor;
RX MEDLINE=86069501; PubMed=3906813;
RA Oliver G., Balbas P., Valle F., Soberon X., Bolivar F.;
RT "Cloning of human leukocyte interferon cDNA and a strategy for its
RT production in E. coli.";
RL Rev. Latinoam. Microbiol. 27:141-150(1985).
RN [5]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RC TISSUE=Placenta;
RX MEDLINE=98357449; PubMed=9694076;
RA Austruy E., Bagnis C., Carbuccia N., Maroc C., Birg F., Dubreuil P.,
RA Mannoni P., Chabannon C.;
<font color=red> [Part of this file has been deleted for brevity]</font>
DR LinkHub; P01563; -.
DR ArrayExpress; P01563; -.
DR GermOnline; ENSG00000188379; Homo sapiens.
DR RZPD-ProtExp; A0813; -.
DR RZPD-ProtExp; IOH35221; -.
DR RZPD-ProtExp; RZPDo834E0933; -.
DR GO; GO:0005132; F:interferon-alpha/beta receptor binding; TAS:ProtInc.
DR GO; GO:0007166; P:cell surface receptor linked signal transdu...; TAS:ProtInc.
DR GO; GO:0007267; P:cell-cell signaling; TAS:ProtInc.
DR GO; GO:0006917; P:induction of apoptosis; TAS:ProtInc.
DR GO; GO:0006954; P:inflammatory response; TAS:ProtInc.
DR InterPro; IPR009079; 4_helix_cytokine.
DR InterPro; IPR000471; Interferon_abd.
DR Gene3D; G3DSA:1.20.120.210; Interferon_abd; 1.
DR PANTHER; PTHR11691; Interferon_abd; 1.
DR Pfam; PF00143; Interferon; 1.
DR PRINTS; PR00266; INTERFERONAB.
DR ProDom; PD000550; Interferon_abd; 1.
DR SMART; SM00076; IFabd; 1.
DR PROSITE; PS00252; INTERFERON_A_B_D; 1.
KW 3D-structure; Antiviral defense; Cytokine; Direct protein sequencing;
KW Glycoprotein; Pharmaceutical; Polymorphism; Signal.
FT SIGNAL 1 23
FT CHAIN 24 188 Interferon alpha-2.
FT /FTId=PRO_0000016360.
FT CARBOHYD 129 129 O-linked (GalNAc...).
FT /FTId=CAR_000049.
FT DISULFID 24 121
FT DISULFID 52 161
FT VARIANT 46 46 K -> R (in alpha-2B and alpha-2C).
FT /FTId=VAR_004012.
FT VARIANT 57 57 H -> R (in alpha-2C).
FT /FTId=VAR_013001.
FT HELIX 33 44
FT TURN 49 54
FT HELIX 63 66
FT HELIX 76 91
FT HELIX 93 98
FT HELIX 101 123
FT TURN 126 127
FT TURN 133 133
FT HELIX 134 155
FT TURN 156 157
FT HELIX 160 178
FT TURN 179 182
SQ SEQUENCE 188 AA; 21550 MW; 101DD21D394CBF97 CRC64;
MALTFALLVA LLVLSCKSSC SVGCDLPQTH SLGSRRTLML LAQMRKISLF SCLKDRHDFG
FPQEEFGNQF QKAETIPVLH EMIQQIFNLF STKDSSAAWD ETLLDKFYTE LYQQLNDLEA
CVIQGVGVTE TPLMKEDSIL AVRKYFQRIT LYLKEKKYSP CAWEVVRAEI MRSFSLSTNL
QESLRSKE
//
</pre>
</td></tr></table><p>
<H2>
Output file format
</H2>
<a name="output.1"></a>
<h3>Output files for usage example </h3>
<p><h3>File: laci_ecoli.iep</h3>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#CCFFCC">
<pre>
IEP of LACI_ECOLI from 1 to 360
Isoelectric Point = 6.8820
pH Bound Charge
1.00 81.96 37.96
1.50 81.89 37.89
2.00 81.65 37.65
2.50 80.91 36.91
3.00 78.79 34.79
3.50 73.70 29.70
4.00 65.15 21.15
4.50 56.73 12.73
5.00 51.75 7.75
5.50 49.36 5.36
6.00 47.63 3.63
6.50 45.56 1.56
7.00 43.59 -0.41
7.50 42.27 -1.73
8.00 41.22 -2.78
8.50 39.87 -4.13
9.00 38.26 -5.74
9.50 36.24 -7.76
10.00 33.03 -10.97
10.50 28.46 -15.54
11.00 23.58 -20.42
11.50 19.41 -24.59
12.00 15.19 -28.81
12.50 9.75 -34.25
13.00 4.64 -39.36
13.50 1.75 -42.25
14.00 0.59 -43.41
</pre>
</td></tr></table><p>
<a name="output.2"></a>
<h3>Output files for usage example 2</h3>
<p><h3>File: ifna2_human.iep</h3>
<table width="90%"><tr><td bgcolor="#CCFFCC">
<pre>
IEP of IFNA2_HUMAN from 1 to 188
Isoelectric Point = 5.7322
pH Bound Charge
1.00 52.98 22.98
1.50 52.93 22.93
2.00 52.77 22.77
2.50 52.28 22.28
3.00 50.87 20.87
3.50 47.47 17.47
4.00 41.62 11.62
4.50 35.67 5.67
5.00 32.10 2.10
5.50 30.47 0.47
6.00 29.51 -0.49
6.50 28.55 -1.45
7.00 27.65 -2.35
7.50 27.01 -2.99
8.00 26.36 -3.64
8.50 25.41 -4.59
9.00 24.25 -5.75
9.50 22.81 -7.19
10.00 20.49 -9.51
10.50 17.03 -12.97
11.00 13.16 -16.84
11.50 10.04 -19.96
12.00 7.49 -22.51
12.50 4.72 -25.28
13.00 2.23 -27.77
13.50 0.84 -29.16
14.00 0.28 -29.72
</pre>
</td></tr></table><p>
<p>
For each pH point it gives the number of bound electrons and the charge.
<H2>
Data files
</H2>
<b>iep</b> reads in local data file <em>Epk.dat</em> which contains amino acid
pK values used to calculate the isoelectric point of the whole protein
<p>
<p>
EMBOSS data files are distributed with the application and stored
in the standard EMBOSS data directory, which is defined
by the EMBOSS environment variable EMBOSS_DATA.
<p>
To see the available EMBOSS data files, run:
<p>
<pre>
% embossdata -showall
</pre>
<p>
To fetch one of the data files (for example 'Exxx.dat') into your
current directory for you to inspect or modify, run:
<pre>
% embossdata -fetch -file Exxx.dat
</pre>
<p>
Users can provide their own data files in their own directories.
Project specific files can be put in the current directory, or for
tidier directory listings in a subdirectory called
".embossdata". Files for all EMBOSS runs can be put in the user's home
directory, or again in a subdirectory called ".embossdata".
<p>
The directories are searched in the following order:
<ul>
<li> . (your current directory)
<li> .embossdata (under your current directory)
<li> ~/ (your home directory)
<li> ~/.embossdata
</ul>
<p>
<p>
Here is the default <em>Epk.dat</em> file:
<pre>
# pK values for amino acids
# O=Ornithine J=Hydroxyproline
#
# Amino acid pK
Amino 8.6
Carboxyl 3.6
C 8.5
D 3.9
E 4.1
H 6.5
K 10.8
R 12.5
Y 10.1
</pre>
<H2>
Notes
</H2>
None.
<H2>
References
</H2>
None.
<H2>
Warnings
</H2>
None.
<H2>
Diagnostic Error Messages
</H2>
None.
<H2>
Exit status
</H2>
0 if successful.
<H2>
Known bugs
</H2>
None.
<h2><a name="See also">See also</a></h2>
<table border cellpadding=4 bgcolor="#FFFFF0">
<tr><th>Program name</th><th>Description</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="backtranambig.html">backtranambig</a></td>
<td>Back translate a protein sequence to ambiguous codons</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="backtranseq.html">backtranseq</a></td>
<td>Back translate a protein sequence</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="charge.html">charge</a></td>
<td>Protein charge plot</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="checktrans.html">checktrans</a></td>
<td>Reports STOP codons and ORF statistics of a protein</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="compseq.html">compseq</a></td>
<td>Count composition of dimer/trimer/etc words in a sequence</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="emowse.html">emowse</a></td>
<td>Protein identification by mass spectrometry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="freak.html">freak</a></td>
<td>Residue/base frequency table or plot</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="mwcontam.html">mwcontam</a></td>
<td>Shows molwts that match across a set of files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="mwfilter.html">mwfilter</a></td>
<td>Filter noisy molwts from mass spec output</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="octanol.html">octanol</a></td>
<td>Displays protein hydropathy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="pepinfo.html">pepinfo</a></td>
<td>Plots simple amino acid properties in parallel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="pepstats.html">pepstats</a></td>
<td>Protein statistics</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="pepwindow.html">pepwindow</a></td>
<td>Displays protein hydropathy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="pepwindowall.html">pepwindowall</a></td>
<td>Displays protein hydropathy of a set of sequences</td>
</tr>
</table>
<H2>
Author(s)
</H2>
Alan Bleasby (ajb © ebi.ac.uk)
<br>
European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
<H2>
History
</H2>
Completed 1st August 1999.
<H2>
Target users
</H2>
This program is intended to be used by everyone and everything, from naive users to embedded scripts.
<H2>
Comments
</H2>
None
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