General django shells

Setup virtual environment

Virtual environment is for isolated Python environments, which are more practical than installing packages systemwide. It also allows installing packages without administrator privileges.

py -m venv venv

Activate virtual environment.

venv/Scripts/activate.bat

Install Django

python -m pip install Django

Check django version

py -m django --version

Creating a project

django-admin startproject mysite

Start development server

py manage.py runserver [PORT]

Migrate database

python manage.py migrate

Create app

py manage.py startapp polls

Make new migrations

python manage.py makemigrations polls

Run migrations

The sqlmigrate command doesn't actually run the migration on your database - instead, it prints it to the screen so that you can see what SQL Django thinks is required. It’s useful for checking what Django is going to do or if you have database administrators who require SQL scripts for changes.

python manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001

Create those model tables in your database

python manage.py migrate

Database APIs

Playing with python shell

py manage.py shell

Shell examples

from polls.models import Choice, Question  # Import the model classes we just wrote.
from django.utils import timezone

Question.objects.all()
q = Question(question_text="What's new?", pub_date=timezone.now())
q.save()
q.id
q.question_text
q.pub_date
q.question_text = "What's up?"
q.save()
Question.objects.filter(id=1)
Question.objects.filter(question_text__startswith="What")
current_year = timezone.now().year
Question.objects.get(pub_date__year=current_year)
q = Question.objects.get(pk=1)
q.was_published_recently()

q.choice_set.all()
q.choice_set.create(choice_text="Not much", votes=0)
q.choice_set.create(choice_text="The sky", votes=0)
c = q.choice_set.create(choice_text="Just hacking again", votes=0)
c.question
q.choice_set.all()
q.choice_set.count()
Choice.objects.filter(question__pub_date__year=current_year)
c = q.choice_set.filter(choice_text__startswith="Just hacking")
c.delete()

Django Admin

Creating an admin user

py manage.py createsuperuser

Test

py manage.py test polls

References

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/intro/tutorial01/ https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/intro/tutorial02/ https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/intro/tutorial03/ https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/intro/tutorial04/